Riboflavin B2
Functions primarily as Cheilosis, glossitis, None known the reactive portion of flavoproteins concerned with biologic oxidations (cellular metabolism)
photophobia, angular stomatitis, corneal vascularization, scrotal skin changes, seborrhea, magenta tongue
Meat, 1ish. poultry, whole grains, legumes, breast milk, infant formula
Severe malnutrition
Urine excretion, whole blood level (RIA/
microbiologic)
Fish, poultry, meat, wheat, breastmilk, infant formula
Elderly, high protein intake
Red cell aminotransferase activity, plasma pyridoxal phosphate (HPLC) tryptophan loading test, urine 4-pyridoxic acid
Dairy products.
liver, almonds, lamb, pork, breast milk, infant formula
Alcoholism, starvation, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption
Red cell glutathione reductase activity, red cell flavine adenine dinucleotide, urine riboflavin:creatmine ratio
Table 3-1. continued
Nutrient and Major Physiologic Functions
Deficiency Signs Excess Signs
Important Food Sources
Potential Causes of Deficiency Laboratory or Excess Assessment
Thiamine (Bi)
Aids in energy Beriberi, neuritis. None known utilization as part of edema, cardiac coenzyme component failure, anorexia, to promote the utiliza- restlessness, tion of carbohydrate; confusion, loss of promotes normal func- vibration sense tioning of the nervous and deep tendon system; coenzyme for reflexes, calf oxidative carboxylation tenderness of 2-keto acids
Minerals
Calcium
Essential for Osteomalacia, Hypercalcemia calcification of bone osteoporosis vomiting,
(matrix formation); tremor, convulsions, anorexia, assists in blood clotting; hyperexcitability lethargy functions in normal (hypocalcemia muscle contraction tetany)
Pork, nuts,
Alcoholism.
Red cell whole grain and refeeding after transketolase fortified cereal products, breast milk, infant formula starvation, prolonged dialysis activity, whole blood level (HPLC), urine thiamine; creatinine ratio
Dairy products (milk, cheese), sardines, oysters, salmon, herring, greens, breast milk, infant formula
Renal disease. Plasma total liver disease, steroid use calcium, plasma free calcium in altered protein binding (eg, hypoalbuminemia), and relaxation and in normal nerve transmission
Magnesium
Essential part of Tremor, tingling, many enzyme weakness, systems; important for seizures, maintaining electrical arrhythmia potential in nerves and muscle membranes and for energy turnover
Phosphorus
Important intracellular Weakness, anion; involved in anorexia, malaise, many chemical bone pain, growth reactions within the arrest body; necessary for energy turnover (ATP)
Nausea, vomiting hypertension, weakness, prolonged QT interval
Hypocalcemia (when parathyroid gland not fully functioning)
Widely distributed, PCM; refeeding especially in food of vegetable origin; breastmllk, infant formula
Dairy products, fish, legumes, pork, breast milk, infant formula
Renal disease, liver disease, refeeding syndrome acidosis, radiographs, or CT and photon densitometry
Plasma total or free magnesium, magnesium loading test
Plasma concentration, alkaline phosphatase activity, radiography densitometry, renal tubular excretion threshold
62 Part 1 Nutrition and the Well Child | |||||

Breaking Bulimia
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